Application of UAV Lidar in Mining Survey
UAV-borne lidar technology can obtain spatial information quickly, efficiently and safely. Airborne lidar technology completes the detection work through the flight of the drone and the scanning of laser pulses. Compared with the traditional manual measurement technology, it greatly reduces the workload, shortens the time of field measurement, and improves the efficiency of mining surveying and mapping.
1. Establishment of ground control network
The establishment of the ground control network can be carried out through the combination of GPS and 3D laser scanning. The establishment of the first-level control network is completed through GPS static observation, and then the 3D laser scanner is used to perform high-precision step-by-step measurement to complete the establishment of the control network in the mining area. . The accuracy of the three-dimensional laser scanner fully meets the tolerances in the national "Mine Process" and meets the measurement requirements.
2. Geological field
The application of geological catalogues can be carried out in the field of geology, including: geological mapping catalogues, prospecting engineering geological catalogues, and sampling catalogues. Laser scanners can be used to draw geological mineral maps, engineering geological maps, bedrock geological maps, and Quaternary geological maps in geological mapping. Replace part of the traditional total station surveying and mapping workload. Using a 3D laser scanner to scan the topography and landform of the mining area, a database is established, and the later engineering design, layout, etc. do not need to be surveyed and mapped on the site, and can be completed indoors, which can improve work efficiency and save human resources.
3. Geological survey of high and steep slopes
In geological survey work, the occurrence of structural plane is the most basic geological parameter. However, on-site structural planes, especially long faults, usually have large changes in their occurrence, or the occurrence of some important structural planes is difficult to measure directly and at close range due to some topographical factors. All of the above situations make it difficult to obtain the exact occurrence of the structural plane.
Three-dimensional laser scanning measurement provides an effective means to solve this problem. The processing software of 3D laser scanning measurement directly provides the occurrence measurement tool, and the fitting plane tool generated in the software can simulate the geological structure plane and calculate the occurrence of the structure plane. It overcomes the shortcomings of geological compass single-point measurement of occurrence, and its effect is extremely ideal.
▲Scan the original point cloud to form the model
▲Selected structural plane
▲Structural parameters
▲Structural surface occurrence survey in point cloud data
4. Mine production field
The 3D laser scanner can be used to guide ore body sampling, quality assessment, ore body organization, reserve calculation, grade analysis and other related work. After obtaining the original surveying and mapping data of the ore body, the 3D laser scanner can omit part of the work of on-site surveying and mapping calculation, and the 3D laser scanner generally has the function of taking pictures, which can be used as an effective supplement to the point cloud data on site.
The 3D laser scanner can calculate the volume change of mine excavation, daily output and other calculation work; and guide the real-time monitoring of mine-related work, such as mining orientation, terrain analysis, collapse, mining volume and other real-time monitoring work; the collected point cloud and mine By comparing the data in the world, it can also be determined whether there is over-excavation or under-excavation in the mine, and the collected data can be used as the basis for law enforcement.
5. Mine mining measurement and ore volume calculation
The DEM and DTM data generated by the point cloud data can be used to measure the mining of the mine. Before mining, the acquired DEM and DTM data can be used to calculate the area occupied by vegetation and the amount of earth and stone. The most convenient way is to realize intuitive mining. Quantitative calculation, in the process of mining, it can accurately obtain the spatial information of the goaf, and at the same time pass the technical basis for safe production.
Advantages: The calculation of open-pit mine volume is simplified and accurate.
6. Digital line drawing acquisition
Through the established mining model, the digital ground model with a resolution of 1m can generate high-precision contour lines, and the high-density, high-precision point cloud model generates digital line maps through splicing modeling, which will provide mines from 1:500-1:5000 topographic line drawing to realize the acquisition of basic data of mine surveying.
Advantage:
1. For the spatial data of the mine's infrastructure (control points, office buildings, winch houses, derricks, warehouses, water towers, wellheads, pipelines, fences, fire protection facilities, cable trenches, fan tunnels, etc.), one-time scanning and acquisition The spatial location of multiple facilities, and the data is intuitive, which is convenient for model building. After vectorization, it is added to the mine topographic map as a terrain element.
2. Rapid measurement of open-pit mine measurement, high resolution contour drawing and high data quality, as shown below:
▲Contour map
Operating surface thickness analysis
For the same mine heap, by superimposing the three-dimensional models of the heap in different stages, such as two days before and after, and comparing, the daily operating surface thickness and settlement can be obtained.
▲Operation face comparison
As shown in the figure above, different operation surfaces are realized through different color distinctions.
FDG-260X drone lidar system has a maximum measuring range of 300m, and the product weight is only 0.99kg, which maximizes the operation time. The maximum laser point frequency is 1920000pts/s, three echoes, and strong penetrability. At the same time, the camera is deeply integrated, and the point cloud and image are collected simultaneously. . FDG-260X is widely used in terrain mapping, power channel inspection, forestry survey, digital city and other industries, and is suitable for large-scale data collection.
System parameters
Point cloud accuracy: 10cm@150m
Point cloud density: 42pts/m²@100m@10m/s
Equipment weight: 0.99Kg
System power consumption: 20W
Storage space: Internal flash memory 64G+128G SD card
Power Range: 12-24V
Appearance size: 11.8cm*11.5cm*11cm
Working temperature: -20℃-55℃
Platform: Airborne, Vehicle
POS performance
Model: gSpin310
Data update frequency: 200Hz
GNSS signal type: GPS L1/L2; GLO L1/L2; GAL E1/E5b; BDS B1/B2a/B3
Positioning accuracy: horizontal 0.02m, elevation 0.03m
Pitch angle accuracy: 0.005°
Roll angle accuracy: 0.005°
Heading angle accuracy: 0.017°
Laser performance
Range: maximum range 300m
Ranging accuracy: ±2cm
Number of lines: 32 lines
Horizontal field of view: 360°
Vertical field of view: 40.3°
Dot frequency: 1.92 million dots/second (three echoes)
camera
Pixels: 26 million
Field of view: 83°
Shooting Mode: Isochronous/Isometric
